Currently, commercially available systems for ship navigation and remote data transmission technology are maritime satellites and BeiDou satellite systems, the global positioning system (GPS), and mobile communication technology. Among these, mobile communication technology and GPS can only perform ship navigation and lack data transmission functionality. In this research, we analyze technical characteristics of several common remote data transmission methods and we develop and design an in-ship remote data transmission system based on the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Sensor System (BDS). We use an STC89C52RC data acquisition microcontroller chip, which is connected with an HS215 BeiDou communication position module via an RS232 standard serial port that allows us to capture, collect, parse, package, and send ship data. We adopt the shore-based ship standard NMEA protocol to receive, parse, display, and save data. Our system is tested in a simulation and with a real ship, and the results are in line with expectations (low cost, reliable, and safe). We believe that our system will be economically and socially beneficial by solving maritime problems and also beneficial to the safety and emergency rescue of marine vessels.